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Maori/Pacific Island/Asian Communities
"A qualitative investigation of the application of behaviour modification to group quitting for Māori and Pacific smokers." Jones, L., Donnelly, A. et al. (2004). South Pacific Journal of Psychology 14(1): 43-53. http://spjp.massey.ac.nz/issues/2004-v15/v15_jones.pdf
Hauora Pacific, a research group for Māori and Pacific nursing students, explored the adaptation of a behaviour modification programme as a health promotion strategy and smoking cessation resource. “Quitting in groups” would not be ideal to stop smoking, linked to personal shame from an inability to stop smoking; and the potential for a group to be too judgemental or pressuring. More Māori or Pacific input would be required to shift an essentially western approach to behaviour change, into something another culture could feel ownership of. Further trained-and-available people would be their preferred health resource.
Engaging Mäori Whänau: evaluation of a targeted parenting programme. Gifford, H. and G. Prirkahu (2008).Innovative Practice Report Wellington, Families Commission.
The development, implementation and evaluation of a parenting programme was developed as part of a wider tobacco reduction intervention. Internet search and interviews with local parenting providers, both Mäori and non-Mäori and Ngäti Hauiti whänau, helped to determine the most appropriate parenting programme for our identified families. The Tips and Ideas on Parenting Skills (TIPS) Parenting Programme, developed by Far North REAP was selected. The programme had bicultural components relevant to Mäori and could be adapted to include Hauititanga as an iwi-specific strategy strengthening connectedness facilitation training offered through Far North REAP enabled us to train our own whänau/family members.
"High support for a tobacco endgame by Pacific peoples who smoke: national survey data." Wilson, N., R. Edwards, et al. (2010). New Zealand Medical Journal 123(1316). http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/123-1316/4174/
Smokers (n=1376) including 90 Pacific peoples in Wave 1 (Wave 2 included 49 Pacific peoples) were surveyed excluding Maori from the comparison group of “European/Other” but including Asians. There was strong support for five key tobacco control interventions among Pacific smokers. Support was greater than among the European/Other ethnic group smokers for: greater government action (p=0.001), and controls on where tobacco sales (p=0.009). There was support for more regulation of tobacco companies, a ban on cigarette sales in 10 years and for higher tobacco tax (revenue used for quitting support) but was not significantly stronger amongst the European/Other population.
"Māori health: Smoking as a serious issue." Aekins, V. (2006 Nursing Journal: Tai Tokerau) Wananga 10: 13-17.
One of the most significant issues for the Mäori population group is smoking. According to the National Health Committee, Mäori are well-known as one of the high risk populations in relation to smoking. It is thought that Mäori frequently live in a smoking environment, without suitable support systems to aid in cessation. It has been suggested that interventions, uniquely aimed at Mäori, should be carried out for the purpose of Mäori wellbeing (oranga). These interventions may include marae-based programmes, group support and giving whanau some of the responsibility for the health of Mäori individuals.
The impact of tobacco is significant on Māori health. In 2000/04 lung cancer was responsible for over 31 percent of Māori cancer deaths, compared with 17 percent of non-Māori cancer deaths. Cardiovascular disease death rates were two times higher for Māori than for non-Māori during the same period. Respiratory disease mortalities were three times higher in Māori than non-Māori. This report summarises data on daily smoking rates over time, current smoking rates by age group, the type of tobacco smoked, second-hand smoke exposure, the smoking habits of young Māori smokers, Quit services and information about Aukati Kaipapa.
"Māori women's views on smoking cessation initiatives." Fernandez, C. and Wilson D. (2008). Nursing Praxis in New Zealand. 24(2): 27-40. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m5PXL/is_2_24/ai_n31347576/
Smoking is particularly prevalent among Māori women over the age of 15 years. Five Māori women who quit smoking were interviewed about cessation initiatives and likely influences on Māori women quitting. A focus group identified two themes: (a) Transmission of Whanau Values that including whanau experiences, being mothers, and role models; and (b) Factors Crucial in Influencing Change such as choices and exercising own will, a positive perception of self and a Māori approach. The findings highlight the importance of whanau and supportive relationships, and can be used for strategies to assist Māori women in smoking cessation.
"Pacific solutions to reducing smoking around Pacific children in New Zealand: a qualitative study of Pacific policymaker views." Lanumata, T., Thomson, G. et al. (2010). New ZealandMedical Journal 123(1308). http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/abstract.php?id=3945
Views of Pacific policymakers on solutions to reducing smoking around Pacific children were explored. Key informants (n=18) were recruited and interviewed in person or by phone. Attitude changes, rather than government regulation for secondhand smoke protection were preferred. Families and churches are major avenues for the changes. There were differing opinions on the extent to which smokefree areas should be extended, with some informants reluctant to interfere with smokers’ ‘choices’. Research on Pacific involvement in health policy is feasible and practical, and could be extended. Extension of smokefree regulation differs from the attitudes of Pacific peoples in New Zealand.
Recent actions by Māori politicians and health advocates for a tobacco-free Aotearoa/New Zealand, A brief review (Occasional Paper 2009/1). Gifford, H. and S. Bradbrook (2009). Wellington, Whakauae Research Services, Te Reo Mārama, Health Promotion and Public Health Policy Research Unit (HePPRU), University of Otago. http://www.whakauae.co.nz/media/download_gallery
Key advocacy approaches and political party policy developments for indigenous tobacco control in Aotearoa/New Zealand were reviewed. Main developments identified were: Ideas on controls on access or supply of tobacco, and Māori-driven tobacco de-normalisation campaigns. A complete ban on tobacco sales in New Zealand was proposed by key Māori figures, along with bans on smoking at culturally significant sites for Māori. This was accompanied by the growth in the use of the term “tupeka kore” (tobacco-free). Media and advocacy actions have included the “Māori Mix”, Māori Murder and Endangered Species campaigns, targeting the deeds and role of the tobacco industry.
"Smoking and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Maori children."
Smoking and the smoking related deaths are more common among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Maori than other Australians and New Zealanders. Many tobacco control activities that are not specifically targeted at children will have a positive impact on child health. This review concentrates on recent tobacco control research on pregnant women and children. Health professionals who want to reduce the suffering caused by smoking among indigenous children can be guided by much new relevant research evidence and clear frameworks about how to approach tobacco control in these communities.
"Unequal risks, unmet needs: the tobacco burden for Pacific peoples in New Zealand." Lanumata, T. and Thomson G. (2009). New ZealandMedical Journal 122(1303). www.nzma.org.nz/journal/abstract.php?id=3795
A literature review found that over 30% of Pacific adults in New Zealand were smokers in the 2006 Census, c.f. 21% for the whole adult population. Pacific women smokers increased from 23% in 1996 to 27% in the 2006 census. Other survey data indicates the daily smoking decreased from 35% in 2002/3 to 26% in 2006/7. Smoking by Pacific Year-10 students declined during 1999–2007 from 29% to 16% and smoking inside the homes has declined during 2001–7, from 35% to 26%. There was little attention to smoking by Pacific peoples, and no government plan for Pacific tobacco control.
What do Maori policymakers think about smokefree policies on the Marae?
Sixteen qualitative interviews were undertaken with Māori policymakers. Participants were selected based on closeness to processes relevant to tobacco control, and ability to articulate information. A semi-structured interview was conducted to explore general ideas on how to achieve progress on reducing smoking in homes, cars and community property including marae. Regulation was an inappropriate means of controlling smoking behaviour on marae. Leadership would foster a change in the tikanga (customs or protocol) of a marae. The progressive adoption of smokefree tikanga, even with strong leadership, was likely to meet resistance from smokers and because of long-standing smoking norms among Māori.
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