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"An update on tobacco smoking among New Zealand health care workers, the current picture, 2006." Ponniah, S. and A. Bloomfield (2008).New Zealand Medical Journal 121(1272): 103-105. http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/121-1272/3023/
Analysis of the 2006 Census data showed that midwifes and nurses had the highest smoking rates among health therapy professionals; medical practitioners; and midwifes and nurses. Males smoke more than females in all three groups. The prevalence of male ex smokers among medical practitioners and midwifery and nursing professionals is higher compared to female ex smokers. Smoking rates are highest among Māori and Pacific peoples in all three groups in line with higher smoking rates in these two ethnic groups in the wider population—reflecting inequalities in the use of tobacco and the corresponding burden on health outcomes.
"Australian nurses' smoking behaviour, knowledge and attitude towards providing smoking cessation care to their patients." Nagle, A., Schofield, M. et al. (1999). Health Promotion International 14(2): 133-144. http://heapro.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/14/2/133
This study examined smoking-related knowledge, attitudes and practices of hospital-based nurses. Nurses were well aware of the health effects of smoking, but lacked knowledge of more effective strategies to aid quitting and referral options. Smoking rates among nurses are lower than those reported in past decades and lower than rates among women in the general population. Nurses, while perceiving a role in smoking care, require smoking cessation training for hospital patients. Hospital policies and nurse education providers need to strongly support the provision of smoking cessation by providing nurses with time, access and incentive to undertake such activities.
"Characteristics of nurses who used the Internet-based nurses QuitNet for smoking cessation.” Bialous, S., Sarna, L. et al. (2009). Public Health Nursing 26(4): 329-38.
Nurses QuitNet registrants (1790) and relationships among the demographic and smoking characteristics, program dissemination strategies, and site utilization patterns were surveyed. Most registrants were female (92.5%), 45-54 years old (34.3%), Caucasian (84.5%), and college graduates (57.5%). Over 68% smoked 10-20 cigarettes/day; 66.4% smoked within 30 min of waking. Half of those with previous quit attempts did not use evidence-based methods; 30% had not made a quit attempt in the past year. "Read-only" social support was the most frequently used Nurses Quitnet feature. The Internet can be a viable option to support cessation and is available to accommodate their work schedules.
"Cigarette smoking by New Zealand doctors and nurses: results from the 1996 population census." Hay, D. R. (1998). New Zealand Medical Journal 111(1062)(1062): 102-4.
Doctors continue to lead the New Zealand community in non-smoking and the goal of a smokefree medical profession by the year 2000 may be achievable. In contrast to 1981, the prevalence of smoking by female nurses (18%) is now less than women in the general New Zealand population (23%). Substantial reductions in smoking have occurred in all categories of the nursing profession.
"Intercensal trends in cigarette smoking by New Zealand doctors and nurses." Hay, D. R. (1984). New Zealand Medical Journal 77(10): 7-9.
The proportion of cigarette smokers in male doctors dropped from 20% in 1976 to 15% in 1981; and in female doctors from 17% to 13%. For nurses there was a reduction from 49% to 39% for men and 36% to 31% for women. Smoking rates remained for high for female psychiatric nurses (46%) and male general nurses (48%). Both doctors and nurses accepted their role as examples to the general population and made significant reductions in their level of smoking.
"Low and declining cigarette smoking rates among doctors and nurses: 2006 New Zealand Census data." Edwards, R., Bowler, T., Atkinson, J. and Wilson, N. (2008). New Zealand Medical Journal 121(1284): 43-51. http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/121-1284/3310/content.pdf
There has been a steady decline in cigarette smoking among doctors and nurses in New Zealand since the 1960s and 1970s. The results from the 2006 Census demonstrate that non-smoking among doctors and nurses is increasingly the norm, around 90% of younger doctors have never been regular smokers. The results show that it is possible to achieve very substantial decreases in smoking prevalences and to establish smokefree cultures among substantial occupational groups who are well informed about the degree of risk, are aware of the reality of the health consequences of smoking, and work in a substantially non-smoking environment.
"Nurses and smoking: review and implications." Padula, C. A. (1992). Journal of Professional Nursing 8(2): 120-32.
An analysis of smoking behavior among nurses shows unacceptably high levels of smoking, despite some evidence of a downward trend. In this article, the nature of tobacco dependence is examined, and an extensive review of demographic and causative factors associated with the smoking behavior of nurses is presented. The impact of smoking on the practice of nurses, particularly related to their ability to serve as health educators and role models, is critically examined. Areas for potential research and inquiry, along with some overall strategies for intervention, are identified.
This paper examines the smoking behaviour, knowledge and attitudes of nurses, their willingness to provide smoking cessation support to patients, the accessibility of training and willingness to undertake future training. Nurses who smoked were less effective role models than nurses who were ex-smokers or non-smokers. They are less motivated to provide cessation support for patients, have less positive attitudes to smoking cessation, are less likely to have received smoking cessation training and are to want further training. These results have implications for nurses' own smoking status, as well as their attitudes to cessation training, health promotion practice and future research.
"Nurses trying to quit smoking using the Internet." Sarna, L., Bialous, S. et al. (2009). Nursing Outlook 57(5): 246-56.
Nurses QuitNet, an Internet-based smoking cessation program, was created to support nurses' quit attempts. Quit attempts at 3, 6, and 12 months after the use of the program and the differences in demographic, professional, and smoking characteristics by smoking status were evaluated. Quit methods, barriers, and facilitators to quitting also were assessed. Barriers included lack of support from colleagues, stress, lack of cessation services, and fear of not getting a work-break. Facilitators included working in a smoke-free facility, support from colleagues, and workplace cessation services. Nurses QuitNet was a valuable aid for supporting quit attempts.
"Promoting Smoking Cessation Among Nursing Students: How Faculty Can Help." Durkin, A. (2007). Nursing Education Perspectives 28(3): 150-154.
Cigarette smoking is a major health issue in the United States. Research has shown that more than a quarter of young adults aged 18–24 are smokers, and there has been a recent rise in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among college students. Many researchers have investigated smoking among nursing students, in the United States and worldwide. This article provides an overview of these research findings and a discussion of interventions that may help promote smoking cessation. Nurse faculty are encouraged to take a lead in smoking cessation efforts.
"Smoking trends in the Nurses' Health Study (1976-2003)." Sarna, L., Bialous, S. et al. (2008). Nursing Research 57(6): 374-82.
The smoking trends in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohorts over 27 years are reported. Current smokers constituted 33.2% of NHS in 1976 and 13.5% of NHS II in 1989. Smoking rates declined in all birth cohorts. The mean cigarettes per day declined over time but still exceeded 15.1 cigarettes at the end of follow-up. The mortality rate among current smokers was higher than that of former smokers and was approximately twice that of never smokers in all age categories. The smoking rate decline among nurses is similar to that for United States women over the past 25 years.
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