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"Do you need to smoke to get a break?: smoking status and missed work breaks among staff nurses." Sarna, L., Aguinaga Bialous, S. et al. (2009). American Journal of Preventative Medicine 37(2 Suppl): S165-71.
A web-based survey of 2589 nurses from 34 hospitals examined the smoking status and work breaks and explored the relationships among personal, professional, and workplace variables associated with missed work breaks. The majority (90%) were non-smokers; 97% were RNs. Missed breaks were common (70%) and differed by smoking status: 59% of smokers and 72% of non-smokers frequently missed work breaks. Non-smokers were almost twice as likely to miss their work breaks as compared to smokers. Inequities in breaks may cause dissension in the workplace and negatively affect patient care. Policies that support work breaks for all nurses are needed.
"Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards."
Sleimana, M., L. A. Gundela, et al. (2010). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(15): 6576-6581.
Residual nicotine from tobacco smoke sorbed to indoor surfaces reacts with ambient nitrous acid (HONO) to form carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Substantial levels of TSNAs were measured on surfaces inside a smoker’s vehicle. Experiments using cellulose as a model indoor material yielded a > 10-fold increase of surface-bound TSNAs when sorbed secondhand smoke was exposed to 60 ppbv HONO for 3 hours. Given the rapid sorption and persistence of high levels of nicotine on indoor surface, clothing and human skin—this represents an unappreciated health hazard through dermal exposure, dust inhalation, and ingestion. This has been recently dubbed “thirdhand smoke.”
What informs decision to withhold domiciliary oxygen from clients who smoke? Rhodes, C. F. (1999). A review of literature. Nursing and Midwifery. Wellington, Victoria. MA (Nursing): 58.
The thesis looks at the issue of supply of domiciliary oxygen to patients who are smokers from a nursing perspective with an emphasis on the ethics of care. Long term oxygen therapy administered in the home and the effects of smoking are explained. The client’s perspective is partly explored but interviews with patients were not done. It was concluded that the decision concerning the supply of domiciliary oxygen to clients who continue to smoke would benefit from the inclusion of nursing knowledge and the client perspective.
"Workplace factors: The key to successful and sustained continuation of a general practice-based smoking cessation programme” Pullon, S., Cornford, E. et al. (2005) Australian Journal of Primary Health 11(1): 55-62.
The Can Quit Practice cessation programme was made available to all 114 general practices in the Wellington area. Interviews were conducted about implementation and ongoing programme delivery. Key factors precluding implementation included inadequate funding for practice nurse and general practitioner time, high patient workloads, lack of practice nurse autonomy and limited practice-wide commitment to smoking cessation. Unfavourable factors can preclude the successful implementation and maintenance of an effective smoking cessation programme for patients, even when health professionals are aware of the benefits of smoking cessation, recognise the worth of offering such programmes, and receive free training and ongoing support.
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