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"Annual Review of Nursing Research." Bialous, S. and Sarna, L. (2009). Opportunities for nursing research in tobacco control 27: 393-409.
Nurses have made important contributions to evidence-based practice in tobacco control. Recent developments in the United States and globally, such as legislation giving the USFDA over cigarette manufacturing, marketing and sales, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control are covered. Suggestions for future research offer nursing researchers the opportunities and challenges to advance nursing and tobacco control knowledge, address gaps, and bring a unique perspective to tobacco control and cessation. How nursing research can and should be supported by academic and organizational leadership to support nurses in mitigating the global epidemic of tobacco-caused death and disease is addressed.
"Frequency of nurses' smoking cessation interventions: report from a national survey." Sarna, L., Bialous, S. et al. (2009). Journal of Clinical Nursing 18(14): 2066-77.
The Tobacco Free Nurses initiative was developed to provid2) asked (73%) and assisted (73%) with cessation. However, only 24% recommended pharmacotherape nurses with easy access to web-based resources about tobacco control. The majority of nurses (N = 348y. Only 22% referred to community resources and only 10% recommended use of the quitline. Nurses familiar with TFN (15%) were significantly more likely to report delivery of all aspects of interventions, including assisting with cessation and recommending medications. These findings support the value of Tobacco Free Nurses in providing nurses with information to support patients' quit attempts.
Nurses who are Quit Card providers are able to provide access to NRT not only to their individual patients, but also to others who smoke including parents, caregivers, and whānau. Nurses have a duty of care to encourage and support whānau to be smokefree.
Most smokers want to quit, and may be helped by advice and support from healthcare professionals. Nurses are the largest healthcare workforce, and are involved in virtually all levels of health care. This review of clinical trials covered 42 studies, with more than 15,000 participants included in the analyses. It was found that the advice and support from nursing staff could increase people's success in quitting smoking, especially in a hospital setting. Similar advice and encouragement given by nurses at health checks or prevention activities seems to be less effective, but may still have some impact.
"Nursing's Involvement in Tobacco Control: Historical Perspective and Vision for the Future." Malone, R. E. (2006). Nursing Research 55(4): S51-S57.
Why nurses are relatively quiescent about tobacco industry and why would they be especially effective in addressing the industry as a vector of the tobacco disease epidemic? Cessation cannot be viewed solely as an individual problem and promoting an agenda on cessation research and practice requires educating (and energizing) nurses on the sociopolitics of tobacco. Nurses are needed urgently now to help avert the global tobacco epidemic. The cessation research agenda should include research on the tobacco industry and how its activities influence cessation, how political activism influences cessation, and how critical education may advance cessation research, policies, and practices.
"Promoting tobacco dependence treatment in nursing education." Sarna, L., Bialous, S. et al. (2009). Drug Alcohol Review 28(5): 507-16.
The efficacy of nurses in the delivery of smoking cessation interventions, existing tobacco control content in nursing programs, model curricula, teaching resources and strategies for reducing barriers to curricular change are reviewed. Despite the worth of their intervention for tobacco cessation, nurses lack appropriate knowledge and/or skill for implementation. Nursing programs have little tobacco control content. Barriers include lack of preparation of educators, low priority for this content, negative attitudes, continued smoking by nursing students and/or faculty and lack of tested curricula. All nursing students and practicing nurses need training to be competent to deliver tobacco control interventions.
"Smoking cessation and lung cancer: oncology nurses can make a difference” Cooly, M. E., Sipples, R. L. et al. (2008." Seminars in Oncology Nursing 24(1): 16-26.
This is an overview of the impact of smoking after a diagnosis of lung cancer, the relationship between smoking cessation and improved outcomes, present information about tobacco-dependence treatments, reimbursement for these treatments, and resources available for patients and health care professionals. Even after a diagnosis of lung cancer, smoking cessation is important in improving survival and quality of life. Although effective treatments are available to help smokers quit, persistent efforts over repeated contacts may be necessary to achieve long-term cessation. Oncology nursing action is essential in the identification of and intervention with patients who struggle with tobacco dependence after diagnosis.
Smoking Cessation Interventions and Strategies. Wiechula, R. and Lockwood (2001). Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence Based Nursing and Midwifery.
Assisting patients to quit smoking is complex and requires a systematic and multifaceted approach. The benefits of promoting smoking cessation particularly amongst hospital in-patients are well recognised for both the individual and the community. There are several interventions and strategies that are supported by quality research. Although they may be effective in isolation, a program of multiple interventions including appropriate pharmacotherapy with advice and support tailored to the individual, are more likely to achieve success. These interventions can only be effectively applied if there are systems in place to screen, assess and follow up patients who wish to quit smoking.
This report describes the smoking prevalence of nurses in Aotearoa/New Zealand, and examines their smoking history, knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to smoking cessation and smokefree workplaces. Responses were received from 371 (37%) nurses with current practicing certificates. Most nurses wanted to help smokers to stop smoking and there is evidence to show that they are well-placed to do this. Filling gaps in their knowledge as well as supporting tobacco control as part of their nursing work will further strengthen their role in reducing the burden of disease associated with smoking tobacco.
The Development of Key Messages to Promote the Delivery of ABC Smoking Cessation Intervention by Nurses in Everyday Practice. Cryer, A. (2009). Auckland, Smokefree Nurses Aotearoa/New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, ASH New Zealand: 15.
Key messages to promote the delivery of the brief ABC smoking cessation intervention by nurses in everyday practice were identified by interviews with key informants from the nursing and tobacco control workforce. Professional practice was a main theme. Messages concerning concepts such as duty of care and informed consent were consistent throughout most interviews. Perseverance was spoken about frequently. Promoting key messages to educate nurses about perseverance was a high priority. Consultation and participation was another main theme highlighted. The process of consultation and participation with nurses and patients has the potential to increase efficacy of key messages.
"Why nursing research in tobacco control?" Sarna, L. and Bialous, S. (2009). Annual Review of Nursing Research 27: 3-31.
Smoking is an epidemic of overwhelming proportions affecting survival, causing millions of deaths every year and the increase in health care costs. Nurses worldwide have an enormous impact on tobacco related death. This overview of the tobacco epidemic, health risks and benefits of quitting, nicotine addiction, and recommendations of evidence-based dependency treatment leads to the importance and need for research. Two factors are (1) lack of nursing education and training in tobacco control, and (2) limited research funding and mentorship. The issue of smoking in the profession as it impacts nurses' health, clinical practice, and, potentially, research efforts are covered.
"Women and the global tobacco epidemic: nurses call to action." Andrews, J. O. and Heath, J. (2003). International Nursing Review 50(4): 215 - 228. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118868947/abstract
A review and analysis of the literature examined the scope of tobacco's global effect on all facets of women's health. The epidemiology and prevalence of tobacco use among women are presented and its impact on women. Using an ecological perspective, the consequences of tobacco are analysed within the contexts of health, social, environment, economic and policy as it relates to women, their families and their communities. Nurses are in prime positions to empower individuals, families, communities and nations in the prevention and treatment of tobacco use. Health for all women continues to be a call for equity and social justice.
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